History of the Bible
	Septuagint - General Information I Septuagint - General Information II Vulgate - General Information Ver'sion - Advanced Information Ver'sion - Advanced Information II Newer Popular Eng Versions - General Information Samar'tian Pen'tateuch/Sinait'icus codex - Advanced Information Syr'iac/Codex Vatica'nus - Advanced Information The Early Canon of the New Testament Translating the Bible Translating the Bible II Translating the Bible III Transliteration of Hebrew Letters in the Bible Transliteration of Hebrew Letters in the Bible II Transliteration of Hebrew Letters in the Bible III Romanized Bible Text Romanized Bible Text II Romanized Bible Text III Literal Translation Literal Translation II
	The Early Canon of the New Testament The following table indicates which Books of the New Testament were included in a number of early Versions, including several of the Manuscripts discussed above. See the legend at the bottom for descriptions of what the letters indicate.
	. Mar cion c.140 Iren- aeus 130-202 Old Latin 150-70 Murat- orian c.170 Tertull . 150-220 Old Syriac 200 Origen . 185-254 Hippo- lytus 200-25 Euse- bius 325-40 Codex Vatic 325-50 Codex Sinai 325-425 Athan asius 367 Amphi locius 380 Pesh- itta 375-400 Cart- hage3 c.397 Codex Alex 425-75 Matthew o i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Mark o i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Luke i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i John o i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Acts o i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i   Romans i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 Cor i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 2 Cor i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Galat i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Ephes i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Philip i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Coloss i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 Thess i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 2 Thess i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 Tim o i i i i i i i i m i i i i i i 2 Tim o i i i i i i i i m i i i i i i Titus o i i i i i i i i m i i i i i i Philem i i i i i i i o i i i i o i i i   Hebrew o o o o o i d o i i i i o i i i James o o o o o i d o d m i i o i i i 1 Pet o i o o i i i i i m i i o i i i 2 Pet o o o o o o o o d m i i i o i i 1 John o i i i i i o o i m i i i i i i 2 John o i i i o o d o d m i i i o i i 3 John o o i o o o d o d m i i i o i i Jude o o i i i o d o d m i i i o i i Revel o i i i i o i i i m i i i o i i   Hermas o i o o o o i o r m i o o o o o Barnabas o o o o o o i o r m i o o o o o Didache o o o o o o i o r m o o o o o o ApocPet o o o i o o o o o m o o o o o o 1Clement o o o o o o o o o m o o o o o i 2Clement o o o o o o o o o m o o o o o i
	i=included (canonicity definitely accepted) o=omitted (canonicity doubted or denied) m=missing (the codex omits the Pastorals and ends at Heb. 9:13) d=disputed (canonicity mentioned as being in doubt) r=rejected (canonicity specifically denied)
Notes: Marcion Marcion was a heretic in Rome. He believed that the Church should eliminate all references to the Creator-God of the Old Testament. Therefore, he proposed rejecting the entire Old Testament as well as anything in the New Testament that seemed to him to be contaminated with Judaism. Therefore, he eliminated everything but an edited version of Luke (written by the Gentile Luke) and ten of the Pauline Epistles. Marcion's list was definitely not the position of the Church at the time, but a deliberate variation from it. Actually, his efforts acted to inspire the orthodox Church to speed up their establishment of the true New Testament Canon. Muratorian Fragment  Cardinal Muratori first published (in 1740) a list based on a document he studied that also came from around Rome. The beginning of the original document is mutilated, but it evidently included Matthew and Mark because it refers to Luke as the third Gospel. It included the Apocalypse of Peter (a Book later determined to be non Canonical) and it mentions that the Shepherd of Hermas as being worthy to be read in Church but not to be included among prophetic or apostolic writings.  The Gospel  Very early on, possibly soon after the writing of the Gospel according to John, the four Gospels appear to have been united. The fourfold collection was originally known as "The Gospel" (singular) and this appears to be where the "according tos" were established. This collection was designated by the Greek word Evangelion.  Tatian  Around 170 AD an Assyrian Christian (apparently in Rome) named Tatian combined the fourfold Gospel into a narrative "Harmony of the Gospels". This was long the favorite form of the Gospels in the Assyrian Church, and it was quite distinct from the four Gospels in the existing Old Syriac version also existant at the time. Tatian's Harmony is usually known as the Diatessaron and it is thought that its original language was probably Greek, but later given to the Assyrian Christians in a Syriac form.  Luke  When the four Gospels had become gathered together into one combined work, Luke's two contributions (Luke and Acts) thus became separated. Slight modifications were apparently then introduced into the text at the end of Luke and the beginning of Acts. (Luke 24:51 and Acts 1:2) Some scholars have been concerned about apparent inconsistencies regarding the Ascension in these two Books that this 'adjustment' might be responsible for that.  Corpus Paulinum  At roughly the same time that the fourfold Gospel was collected together, the group of Paul's writings were assembled. It was designated by the Greek word Apostolos. Initially, this collection just included the letters "To the . . ." but Hebrews and Acts were soon bound up with them.  Origen  Origen mentioned that a number of Books were disputed by some: Hebrews, 2Peter, 2John, 3John, James, Jude, the Epistle of Barnabas, the Shepherd of Hermas, the Didache, and the 'Gospel according to the Hebrews'. (This last greatly resembled Matthew and existed among a group called the Ebionites in Egypt and Transjordan. Jerome later identified it with the "Gospel of the Nazarenes".) It is not clear if Jerome was correct about that.  Athanasius  In 367 AD, Athanasius appears to have been the first to establish the specific New Testament Canon of 27 Books that became broadly accepted and which we follow today.  Eastern Church  It took until around 508 AD that 2Peter, 2John, 3John, Jude and Revelation were included in a version of the Syriac Bible, adding to the earlier 22, to then agree with the same 27 Book New Testament Canon as in the West.  Hippo Regius (393) and Carthage (397)  These were the first two ecclesiastical Councils held specifically to classify the Canonical Books. These both occurred in North Africa. They did not impose any 'new' list on Christians but rather codified the already generally recognized Canon.
Article by Believe Project

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